RadiMation Application Note 160: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
== How to perform an ISO 11452-4 BCI (Bulk Current Injection) test ==  
== How to perform an ISO 11452-4 BCI (Bulk Current Injection) substitution test ==  
This application note explains how the ISO 11452-4 BCI (Bulk Current Injection) test can be performed with {{RadiMation}}.
This application note explains how the ISO 11452-4 BCI (Bulk Current Injection) substitution test can be performed with {{RadiMation}}.


The ISO 11452-4 standard is used to test the immunity of automotive electronic components to conducted RF (radio frequency) disturbances injected into the wiring harness. The test frequency typically ranges from 1 MHz to 400 MHz, using both continuous and amplitude-modulated signals. The test ensures that the electronic devices can withstand the RF disturbances without performance degradation or failure.
The ISO 11452-4 standard is used to test the immunity of automotive electronic components to conducted RF (radio frequency) disturbances injected into the wiring harness. The test frequency typically ranges from 1 MHz to 400 MHz, using both continuous and amplitude-modulated signals. The test ensures that the electronic devices can withstand the RF disturbances without performance degradation or failure.
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* Current injection calibration jig  
* Current injection calibration jig  
* Cable drivers with corrections
* Cable drivers with corrections
== Tips ==
{{Note|If the current unit is shown as mA, it can be changed to dBmA by clicking {{ScreenElement|Units}}, select {{ScreenElement|Current}} and click {{ScreenElement|Edit}} to change this.}}


== Define the test level ==  
== Define the test level ==  
The ISO 11452-4 BCI test requires test levels to be defined for different frequency ranges. The test level may vary depending on the application class or specific test plan, and these limits are set up as a correction file in {{RadiMation}}.
The ISO 11452-4 BCI test requires test levels to be defined for different frequency ranges. The test level may vary depending on the application class or specific test plan, and these levels are set up as a correction file in {{RadiMation}}.


=== Create a correction file for the test level by selecting the menu: ===  
=== Create a correction file for the test level by selecting the menu: ===  
{{Menu|File|New|Correction}} First, create a correction file in {{RadiMation}} and specify the applicable test level for the BCI test based on the test requirements. The levels are typically specified in terms of current in dBμA for different frequency bands (see 'ISO 11452-4 BCI test level limits').
{{Menu|File|New|Correction}}
First, create a correction file in {{RadiMation}} and specify the applicable test level for the BCI test based on the test requirements. The levels are typically specified in terms of current in mA for different frequency bands (see '[[ISO 11452-4]] BCI test severity levels ').
In this example the levels for test severity level 1 are configured.  


Ensure that the correction file has a {{ScreenElement|Frequency}} column and a {{ScreenElement|Current}} column with the unit set to dBμA.
Ensure that the correction file has a {{ScreenElement|Frequency}} column and a {{ScreenElement|Current}} column with the unit set to mA.


[[File:CS114_Test_level.png]]
[[File:ISO-11452-4_Test_level.png]]


=== Store the correction file for the test level by selecting the menu: ===  
=== Store the correction file for the test level by selecting the menu: ===  
{{Menu|File|Save correction}} Save the test level as a correction file on disk.
{{Menu|File|Save correction}} Save the test level as a correction file on disk.


This correction file will be used during the calibration, verification, and EUT testing.
This correction file will be used during the calibration and EUT testing.


== Calibration procedure ==  
== Calibration procedure ==  
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=== Calibration equipment ===  
=== Calibration equipment ===  
[[File:CS114_Calibration.png]]
{{Note|When calibrating at high levels ensure that enough adequate attenuation is used to shield the current sensing device from damage.}}
 
[[File:ISO11452-4-Calibration.png]]
 
{{Note|When calibrating using amplifiers rated with more power than the calibration setup can tolerate, ensure that enough adequate attenuation is used after the amplifier to prevent damaging levels from reaching the setup.}}


The configuration of the calibration test setup should include the following equipment:
The configuration of the calibration test setup should include the following equipment:
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|-
|-
| || Power meter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyzer for measuring current  
| || Power meter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyzer for measuring current  
|-
| || Current probe || Devices 2 || The current monitoring probe used with a transfer factor applied
|-  
|-  
| || Injection clamp || Devices 2 || The bulk current injection (BCI) clamp  
| || Injection clamp || Devices 2 || The bulk current injection (BCI) clamp  
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!colspan="4"|Cables  
!colspan="4"|Cables  
|-  
|-  
|① || Cable from current probe to power meter || Cables || Cable with a correction file specified for cable loss  
|① || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with a correction file specified for cable loss  
|-  
|-  
|② || Cable from signal generator to injection clamp || Cables || Cable with specified loss of the used attenuator  
|② || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with specified loss of the used attenuator  
|-  
|-  
|③ || Cable from injection clamp to current probe || Cables || Cable with a correction file specified for cable loss  
|③ || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with a correction file specified for cable loss  
|}
|}


=== Configure the calibration ===  
=== Configure the calibration ===  
The BCI test covers three primary frequency bands. The following settings can be configured according to ISO 11452-4 requirements:  
The BCI test covers four primary frequency bands. The following settings can be configured according to [[ISO 11452-4]] requirements:  
The minimal requirements related to the step sizes are found in [[ISO 11452-1, 5.6 Table 2]].
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
! Band || Frequency range || Step size
! Band || Frequency range  
|-
| Band 1 || 0.1 MHz - 1 MHz
|-  
|-  
| Band 1 || 1 MHz - 30 MHz || 1 %
| Band 2 || 1 MHz - 3 MHz  
|-  
|-  
| Band 2 || 30 MHz - 200 MHz || 1 %
| Band 3 || 3 MHz - 200 MHz  
|-  
|-  
| Band 3 || 200 MHz - 400 MHz || 0.5 %
| Band 4 || 400 MHz - 400 MHz  
|}
|}


These three bands should be calibrated individually. Calibration can be started by selecting:  
These four bands can be configured and performed in one calibration. The calibration can be started by selecting:  
{{Menu|Calibration|System calibration|Conducted immunity}}
{{Menu|Calibration|System calibration|Conducted immunity}}


This example shows the configuration for Band 1; similar configurations can be created for the other bands.
This example shows an example of the configuration for required for the calibration.


[[File:CS114_Calibration.png]]  
[[File:ISO-11452-4_Calibration_config.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}  
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}  
{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the calibration (e.g., 1 MHz).}}  
{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the calibration (e.g., 1 MHz).}}  
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=== Calibration result ===  
=== Calibration result ===  
Once calibration is complete, the engineer will save the results in a calibration (.CAL) file. A separate calibration file will be generated for each frequency band.
Once calibration is complete, the engineer will save the results in a calibration (.CAL) file.


== EUT Testing ==
== EUT Testing ==


=== EUT Testing equipment ===  
=== EUT Testing equipment ===  
[[File:CS114_EUT_Testing.png]]
[[File:ISO11452-4-EUT Testing.png]]


The configuration for EUT testing should contain the following devices:  
The configuration for EUT testing should contain the following devices:  
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|-  
|-  
| || Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power sensor  
| || Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power sensor  
|-
| || Power meter || Devices 2 || The analyzer for measuring current
|-
| || Current probe || Devices 2 || The current probe with transfer factor applied
|-  
|-  
| || Injection clamp || Devices 2 || The bulk current injection clamp  
| || Injection clamp || Devices 2 || The bulk current injection clamp  
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The following bands should be configured:  
The following bands should be configured:  
{|class="wikitable"  
{|class="wikitable"  
! Band || Frequency range || Step size
! Band || Frequency range  
|-  
|-  
| Band 1 || 1 MHz - 30 MHz || 1 %
| Band 1 || 0.1 MHz - 1 MHz  
|-  
|-  
| Band 2 || 30 MHz - 200 MHz || 1 %
| Band 2 || 1 MHz - 3 MHz  
|-  
|-  
| Band 3 || 200 MHz - 400 MHz || 0.5 %
| Band 3 || 3 MHz - 200 MHz
|-
| Band 4 || 200 MHz - 400 MHz
|}
|}


[[File:CS114_EUT_Testing.png]]
[[File:ISO-11452-4_Test_config.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the test. For example 10 kHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the test. For example 0.1 MHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Step|The frequency step, see Table III.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Step|The frequency step.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Dwell Time|The dwell time.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Dwell Time|The dwell time.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Change Mode|Constant.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Change Mode|Constant.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Modulation|Configure Pulse Modulation with 1 kHz and 50% duty cycle.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Modulation|Configure the required modulation.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test equipment|The equipment needed for the conducted immunity test.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test equipment|The equipment needed for the conducted immunity test.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Location Type|Injection clamp.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Location Type|Injection clamp.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test Level|Specify the current substitution method. Also add a "Measured Current Limit"}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test Level|Specify the current substitution method.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Inputs|No inputs are needed.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Inputs|No inputs are needed.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}




To configure the pulse modulation settings click {{ScreenElement|Config}} next to the modulation settings, click the {{ScreenElement|PM}} tab, and enter the pulse modulation settings as specified in ISO 11452-4.
To configure any required modulation settings click {{ScreenElement|Config}} next to the modulation settings, click the applicable tab, and enter the modulation settings as specified in [[ISO 11452-1]].


[[File:CS114 Modulation settings.png]]
[[File:ISO11452-4-Modulation_settings.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Activate modulation|Check this checkbox to enable the pulse modulation.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Activate modulation|Check this checkbox to enable the required modulation.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency|The PM frequency 1 kHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency|The frequency.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Duty Cycle|A duty cycle of 50%.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Depth|The modulation depth.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Also apply modulation out of the dwell-time period|Check this checkbox to enable modulation outside the dwell-time.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Also apply modulation out of the dwell-time period|Check this checkbox to enable modulation outside the dwell-time.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
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At {{ScreenElement|TestLevel}} click {{ScreenElement|Add}} to add a new Test level and select {{ScreenElement|TestLevel - Current substitution method}}
At {{ScreenElement|TestLevel}} click {{ScreenElement|Add}} to add a new Test level and select {{ScreenElement|TestLevel - Current substitution method}}


[[File:CS114 Current Testlevel Configuration.png]]
[[File:ISO-11452-4_Current_Testlevel_Configuration.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the test level.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the test level.}}
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{{ScreenElementDescription|Tolerance|Specify the tolerance to use.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Tolerance|Specify the tolerance to use.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
 
4
When all bands are configured press {{ScreenElement|Start Test}} to run the EUT test.
When all bands are configured press {{ScreenElement|Start Test}} to run the EUT test.


== EUT Test Result ==  
== EUT Test Result ==  
Once the test is complete, the results are stored in a .LOG file. The test results can be reviewed by selecting the corresponding test from the list and clicking {{ScreenElement|Info}}.
Once the test is finished, the results of this test are stored in the EUT file and available as one of the performed {{ScreenElement|Tests}} in the EUT file. Selecting the corresponding test result and pressing on {{ScreenElement|Info}} will show the test results again.


[[File:CS114 Test Result.png]]
[[File:ISO-11452-4_EUT_Result.png]]


== Conclusion ==  
== Conclusion ==  
Using {{RadiMation}}, you can effectively perform the ISO 11452-4 BCI test, ensuring compliance with automotive RF immunity standards and ensuring product robustness in the presence of RF interference.
The {{RadiMation}} Conducted Immunity multiband test can be used to perform the ISO 11452-4 BCI substitution test.
 


[[Category
[[Category:RadiMation Application Note]]
Application Note]]

Revision as of 16:42, 17 September 2024

How to perform an ISO 11452-4 BCI (Bulk Current Injection) substitution test[edit]

This application note explains how the ISO 11452-4 BCI (Bulk Current Injection) substitution test can be performed with RadiMation®.

The ISO 11452-4 standard is used to test the immunity of automotive electronic components to conducted RF (radio frequency) disturbances injected into the wiring harness. The test frequency typically ranges from 1 MHz to 400 MHz, using both continuous and amplitude-modulated signals. The test ensures that the electronic devices can withstand the RF disturbances without performance degradation or failure.

The exact requirements and test methods for the BCI test are specified in the ISO 11452-4.

Necessary equipment[edit]

The following devices are required to run the calibration, verification, and EUT (Equipment Under Test) test:

  • Signal generator
  • Amplifier
  • Coupler
  • Forward power meter
  • Current sensor
  • Sensor power meter / Analyser
  • 50 Ohm load
  • 50 Ohm attenuator
  • Current injection device
  • Current injection calibration jig
  • Cable drivers with corrections

Tips[edit]

Information.png
 Note: If the current unit is shown as mA, it can be changed to dBmA by clicking Units, select Current and click Edit to change this.

Define the test level[edit]

The ISO 11452-4 BCI test requires test levels to be defined for different frequency ranges. The test level may vary depending on the application class or specific test plan, and these levels are set up as a correction file in RadiMation®.

Create a correction file for the test level by selecting the menu:[edit]

   Menu.svg File
      Menu.svg New
         Menu.svg Correction

First, create a correction file in RadiMation® and specify the applicable test level for the BCI test based on the test requirements. The levels are typically specified in terms of current in mA for different frequency bands (see 'ISO 11452-4 BCI test severity levels '). In this example the levels for test severity level 1 are configured.

Ensure that the correction file has a Frequency column and a Current column with the unit set to mA.

ISO-11452-4 Test level.png

Store the correction file for the test level by selecting the menu:[edit]

   Menu.svg File
      Menu.svg Save correction Save the test level as a correction file on disk.

This correction file will be used during the calibration and EUT testing.

Calibration procedure[edit]

The calibration procedure is necessary to characterize losses in the setup and determine the correct power level for injection.

Calibration equipment[edit]

Information.png
 Note: When calibrating at high levels ensure that enough adequate attenuation is used to shield the current sensing device from damage.

ISO11452-4-Calibration.png

Information.png
 Note: When calibrating using amplifiers rated with more power than the calibration setup can tolerate, ensure that enough adequate attenuation is used after the amplifier to prevent damaging levels from reaching the setup.

The configuration of the calibration test setup should include the following equipment:

# Device name Tab in test site configuration window note
Signal Generator Devices 1 The signal generator to use
Amplifier Devices 1 The amplifier to use
Coupler Devices 1 The directional coupler to use
Forward power meter Devices 1 The forward power sensor to use
Power meter Devices 2 The power meter or analyzer for measuring current
Injection clamp Devices 2 The bulk current injection (BCI) clamp
Calibration jig Devices 2 The jig used for the current injection calibration
Cables
① Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with a correction file specified for cable loss
② Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with specified loss of the used attenuator
③ Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with a correction file specified for cable loss

Configure the calibration[edit]

The BCI test covers four primary frequency bands. The following settings can be configured according to ISO 11452-4 requirements: The minimal requirements related to the step sizes are found in ISO 11452-1, 5.6 Table 2.

Band Frequency range
Band 1 0.1 MHz - 1 MHz
Band 2 1 MHz - 3 MHz
Band 3 3 MHz - 200 MHz
Band 4 400 MHz - 400 MHz

These four bands can be configured and performed in one calibration. The calibration can be started by selecting:

   Menu.svg Calibration
      Menu.svg System calibration
         Menu.svg Conducted immunity

This example shows an example of the configuration for required for the calibration.

ISO-11452-4 Calibration config.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Start The start frequency of the calibration (e.g., 1 MHz).
ScreenElementDescription.svg End The stop frequency of the calibration (e.g., 30 MHz).
ScreenElementDescription.svg Step The frequency step, in this case, 1%.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test level The test level, in this case current.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Variable The variable test level, select the correction file created earlier.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Tolerance The regulation tolerance.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration method The power measurement that should result from the calibration: Forward power.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test equipment The calibration test equipment.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test engineer The engineer performing the calibration.


Calibration result[edit]

Once calibration is complete, the engineer will save the results in a calibration (.CAL) file.

EUT Testing[edit]

EUT Testing equipment[edit]

ISO11452-4-EUT Testing.png

The configuration for EUT testing should contain the following devices:

# Device name Tab in test site configuration window note
Signal Generator Devices 1 The signal generator to use
Amplifier Devices 1 The amplifier to use
Coupler Devices 1 The coupler to use
Forward power meter Devices 1 The forward power sensor
Injection clamp Devices 2 The bulk current injection clamp

Configure the EUT test[edit]

To perform the EUT test, configure the conducted immunity multiband test by selecting from the menu:

   Menu.svg Tests
      Menu.svg Conducted Immunity
         Menu.svg Multiband

The following bands should be configured:

Band Frequency range
Band 1 0.1 MHz - 1 MHz
Band 2 1 MHz - 3 MHz
Band 3 3 MHz - 200 MHz
Band 4 200 MHz - 400 MHz

ISO-11452-4 Test config.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Start The start frequency of the test. For example 0.1 MHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg End The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency Step The frequency step.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Dwell Time The dwell time.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency Change Mode Constant.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Modulation Configure the required modulation.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test equipment The equipment needed for the conducted immunity test.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Location Type Injection clamp.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test Level Specify the current substitution method.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Inputs No inputs are needed.


To configure any required modulation settings click Config next to the modulation settings, click the applicable tab, and enter the modulation settings as specified in ISO 11452-1.

ISO11452-4-Modulation settings.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Activate modulation Check this checkbox to enable the required modulation.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency The frequency.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Depth The modulation depth.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Also apply modulation out of the dwell-time period Check this checkbox to enable modulation outside the dwell-time.


At TestLevel click Add to add a new Test level and select TestLevel - Current substitution method

ISO-11452-4 Current Testlevel Configuration.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Description The description of the test level.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration file Select the calibration file to use for this band.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test level Variable current, and specify the correction file for the applicable test level.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration method Select Forward Power.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Tolerance Specify the tolerance to use.

4 When all bands are configured press Start Test to run the EUT test.

EUT Test Result[edit]

Once the test is finished, the results of this test are stored in the EUT file and available as one of the performed Tests in the EUT file. Selecting the corresponding test result and pressing on Info will show the test results again.

ISO-11452-4 EUT Result.png

Conclusion[edit]

The RadiMation® Conducted Immunity multiband test can be used to perform the ISO 11452-4 BCI substitution test.

International Organization for Standardization

Bulk Current Injection

The ability of an EUT to be immune to incoming electromagnetic interference. This is equivalent to the term susceptibility that is used by some standards.

The ability of an EUT to be immune to incoming electromagnetic interference. This is equivalent to the term susceptibility that is used by some standards.

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