RadiMation Application Note 164: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:19, 26 February 2025

How to perform a MIL-STD-461 CS101, Conducted susceptibility, power leads[edit]

This application note explains how the MIL-STD-461 CS101, Conducted susceptibility, power leads test can be performed with RadiMation^®

MIL-STD-461 CS101 is a test method used in military and aerospace environments to assess the conducted susceptibility of equipment to low-frequency interference, 30 Hz - 150 kHz, ensuring it operates reliably in the presence of conducted disturbances.

The exact requirements and test methods for the CS101 are specified in the MIL-STD-461.

Necessary equipment[edit]

The following devices are necessary to run the calibration and EUT test:

Signal generator
Amplifier
Oscilloscope or measurement receiver
0.5 Ω resistor
Coupling transformer

Define the calibration test level[edit]

The CS101 EUT test is limited by the power levels specified in CS101-2, applied through a 0.5 Ω resistor.
During the calibration RadiMation^® is levelling on a voltage and the corresponding signal source is recorded which is used during EUT testing to limit on.

To calculate the corresponding voltages based on the power levels the following formula can be used:
${\text{Voltage [dBµV]}}=20\cdot \log _{10}\left({\frac {\sqrt {P\cdot R}}{1\times 10^{-6}}}\right)$

This results in the following voltages:

Frequency	Power	Voltage
30 Hz	80 Watts	136 dBµV
5 kHz	80 Watts	136 dBµV
150 kHz	0.09 Watts	106.5 dBµV

A new correction file for the calibration test level can be created by selecting the menu:

File

New

Correction

Note:

Make sure to add the Vrms column with Columns/Units and remove the Correction column. In addition change the Unit to dBµV.

Store the correction file for the power limit by selecting the menu:

File

Save correction

Then specify a descriptive name for the test level correction file on disk, for example: 'CS101-2 power limit.cor'.

Calibration procedure[edit]

The calibration is performed to determine the signal source required for the corresponding power level through the 0.5 Ω resistor, which will be used during EUT testing as limit.

Calibration equipment[edit]

The configuration of the calibration test site should contain the following devices:

Device name	Tab in testsite configuration window	note
Signal Generator	Devices 1	The signal generator to use
Amplifier	Devices 1	The amplifier to use
Oscilloscope	Devices 1	Oscilloscope
Sensor power meter	Devices 2	measurement receiver as power meter (in case no oscilloscope is used)
Injection device	Devices 2	The coupling transformer to use

Configure the calibration[edit]

The configuration of the calibration can be created by selecting the menu:

Calibration

System calibration

Conducted susceptibility

Start

The start frequency of the calibration: 30 Hz.

End

The stop frequency of the calibration: 150 kHz.

Step

The frequency step, for example: 5 %.

Test level

The test level, in this case Voltage.

Variable

The variable test level, select the correction file created before 'CS101-2 power limit.cor'.

Calibration method

The power measurement that should be the result of the calibration: Signal generator level

Tolerance

The regulation tolerance.

Voltage measuring device

The device that will be used to measure the voltage. In this example: Oscilloscope.

Test equipment

Calibration test equipment.

Test engineer

The engineer that performed the calibration.

Calibration result[edit]

When the calibration is finished, the engineer is asked to save the results of that calibration to a calibration (.CAL) file. It is possible to give the .CAL file a clear and distinct name.

EUT Testing[edit]

EUT Testing equipment[edit]

The configuration of the eut test site should contain the following devices:

Device name	Tab in testsite configuration window	note
Signal Generator	Devices 1	The signal generator to use
Amplifier	Devices 1	The amplifier to use
Oscilloscope	Devices 1	The oscilloscope to measure the voltage
Sensor powermeter	Devices 2	When a measurement receiver is used to measure voltage

Configure the EUT test[edit]

To perform the actual test on the EUT, create a conducted immunity multiband test. The conducted immunity multiband test configuration is created by selecting the menu:

Tests

Conducted Immunity

Multiband

Start

The start frequency of the test: 30 Hz.

End

The stop frequency of the test: 150 kHz.

Frequency Step

The frequency step, see Table III of the MIL-STD-461.

Dwell Time

The dwell time specified see TABLE II of the MIL-STD-461.

Frequency Change Mode

The method that is used to change from one to the next frequency: Constant.

Modulation

Modulation is not required.

Test equipment

The equipment needed for the conducted susceptibility test.

Location Type

Injection clamp.

Test Level

Specify the Current voltage closed loop method test level and add a Calibrated voltage limit

Inputs

No inputs are needed.

Note:

It is possible to change the voltage unit to dBµV instead of V, choose Units and select Voltage and adjust the Unit to dBµV.

At Test Level click Add to add a new Test level and select Test Level - Voltage closed loop method

Description

The description of the test level.

Measuring device

Select the measuring device to use.

Test level

Variable voltage, and specify the correction file for the applicable test level, see CS101-1

Tolerance

Specify the tolerance to use.

Next to the test level add a limit, At TestLevel click Add to add a new Limit and select Limit - Calculated voltage limit With this limit the level will not be regulated higher than the calculated voltage based on the calibration file.

Description

The description of the limit.

Calibration file

The calibration file, that was created during the calibration.

Variable voltage

The correction file for the power limit.

Power method

Signal Gen. Level (Pin).

When all settings are configured press Start Test to start the EUT test.

EUT Test Result[edit]

Once the test is finished, the results of this test are stored in the EUT file and available as one of the performed Tests in the EUT file. Selecting the corresponding test result and pressing on Info will show the test results again.

Conclusion[edit]

The MIL-STD-461G CS101 calibration can be performed by using the Conducted susceptibility calibration. The RadiMation^® Conducted immunity multiband test can then be used to perform the MIL-STD-461G CS101 EUT test with a voltage closed loop test level to regulate and a calculated voltage limit with a calibration file to limit on power during the EUT test.

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 * Signal generator
 * Amplifier
-* Coupler
-* Forward power meter (optional)
 * Oscilloscope or measurement receiver
 * 0.5 Ω resistor
@@ Line 23: / Line 21: @@
 To calculate the corresponding voltages based on the power levels the following formula can be used:</br>
 <math>
-\text{dBuV} = 20 \cdot \log_{10}\left(\frac{\sqrt{P \cdot R}}{1 \times 10^{-6}}\right)
+\text{Voltage [dBµV]} = 20 \cdot \log_{10}\left(\frac{\sqrt{P \cdot R}}{1 \times 10^{-6}}\right)
 </math>
@@ Line 38: / Line 36: @@
 |}
-=== Create a correction file for the calibration test level by selecting the menu: ===
+A new correction file for the calibration test level can be created by selecting the menu:
 {{Menu|File|New|Correction}}
@@ Line 45: / Line 43: @@
 {{Note|Make sure to add the Vrms column with {{ScreenElement|Columns/Units}} and remove the {{ScreenElement|Correction column}}. In addition change the {{ScreenElement|Unit}} to dBµV.}}
-=== Store the correction file for the test level by selecting the menu: ===
+Store the correction file for the power limit by selecting the menu:
 {{Menu|File|Save correction}}
-Store the test level as correction file on disk.
+Then specify a descriptive name for the test level correction file on disk, for example: 'CS101-2 power limit.cor'.
 == Calibration procedure ==
@@ Line 67: / Line 66: @@
 | || Sensor power meter || Devices 2 || measurement receiver as power meter (in case no oscilloscope is used)
 |-
-| || Injection device || Devices 2 || The coupling transformer use
+| || Injection device || Devices 2 || The coupling transformer to use
 |}
@@ Line 76: / Line 75: @@
 [[File:CS101_Calibration_configuration.png]]
 {{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the calibration. 30 Hz.}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the calibration: 30 Hz.}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the calibration. 150 kHz.}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the calibration: 150 kHz.}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Step|The frequency step, 5%.}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Step|The frequency step, for example: 5 %.}}
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Test level|The test level, in this case {{ScreenElement|Voltage}}.}}
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Variable|The variable test level, select the correction file created before 'CS101-2 power limit.cor'.}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration method|The power measurement that should be the result of the calibration: {{ScreenElement|Signal generator level}}}}
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Tolerance|The regulation tolerance.}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration method|The power measurement that should be the result of the calibration: {{ScreenElement|Signal generator level}}}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Voltage measuring device|The device that will be used to measure the voltage. In this example: {{ScreenElement|Oscilloscope}}.}}
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Test equipment|Calibration test equipment.}}
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Test engineer|The engineer that performed the calibration.}}
@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 [[File:CS101 EUT Test Configuration.png]]
 {{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the test. For example 30 Hz.}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the test: 30 Hz.}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the test. For example 150 kHz.}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the test: 150 kHz.}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Step|The frequency step, see Table III.}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Step|The frequency step, see Table III of the [[MIL-STD-461]].}}
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Dwell Time|The dwell time specified see TABLE II of the [[MIL-STD-461]].}}
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Change Mode|The method that is used to change from one to the next frequency: {{ScreenElement|Constant}}.}}
@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Inputs|No inputs are needed.}}
 {{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
+{{Note|It is possible to change the voltage unit to dBµV instead of V, choose {{ScreenElement|Units}} and select Voltage and adjust the {{ScreenElement|Unit}} to dBµV.}}
 At {{ScreenElement|Test Level}} click {{ScreenElement|Add}} to add a new Test level and select {{ScreenElement|Test Level - Voltage closed loop method}}
@@ Line 132: / Line 134: @@
 {{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the test level.}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration file|Select the calibration file to use.}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Measuring device|Select the measuring device to use.}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Test level|Variable voltage, and specify the correction file for the applicable test level, see CS101-1}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Test level|{{ScreenElement|Variable voltage}}, and specify the correction file for the applicable test level, see CS101-1}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration method|Select signal power.}}
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Tolerance|Specify the tolerance to use.}}
 {{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
@@ Line 143: / Line 144: @@
 [[File:CS101 Voltage limit.png]]
 {{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the limit}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the limit.}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The calibration file}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration file|The calibration file, that was created during the calibration.}}
 {{ScreenElementDescription|Variable voltage|The correction file for the power limit.}}
-{{ScreenElementDescription|Power method|Signal generator level}}
+{{ScreenElementDescription|Power method|{{ScreenElement|Signal Gen. Level (Pin)}}.}}
 {{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
@@ Line 154: / Line 155: @@
 Once the test is finished, the results of this test are stored in the EUT file and available as one of the performed {{ScreenElement|Tests}} in the EUT file. Selecting the corresponding test result and pressing on {{ScreenElement|Info}} will show the test results again.
-[[File:CS114 Test Result.png]]
+[[File:CS101 EUT Test Result.png]]
 == Conclusion ==