Chapter 10: Difference between revisions

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==Input Channels==
==Input Channels==


The input configuration is selected by pushing the “Input” button in the TSF window of an immunity test. A window like the one shown below will appear.
The input configuration is selected by pushing the {{ScreenElement|Input}} button in the [[TSF]] window of an immunity test. A window like the one shown below will appear.


[[Image:Input Configuration Window.jpg]]
[[Image:Input Configuration Window.jpg]]
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===Goal===
===Goal===


The input channels of the RadiMation® software are implemented to monitor output signals of the EUT as a function of the test frequency. The software is able to monitor each channel before, during and after each test frequency. This way of data storage is useful during certification tests as well as during the development process of a product.
The input channels of the {{RadiMation}} software are implemented to monitor output signals of the [[EUT]] as a function of the test frequency. The software is able to monitor each channel before, during and after each test frequency. This way of data storage is useful during certification tests as well as during the development process of a product.


The inputs channels allow automatic and accurate monitoring of EUT performance. Together with the output channels, full automatic tests can be performed without intervention of the test engineer.
The inputs channels allow automatic and accurate monitoring of EUT performance. Together with the output channels, full automatic tests can be performed without intervention of the test engineer.


The “before field” data of each input channel, tells you if the equipment is functioning properly before each test point. The “during field” data of each input channel records if the equipment is influenced during period the test signal is applied.  
The {{ScreenElement|before field}} data of each input channel, tells you if the equipment is functioning properly before each test point. The {{ScreenElement|during field}} data of each input channel records if the equipment is influenced during period the test signal is applied.  


The “before field” graph will record all instability and/or drift of the EUT, where the “during field” graph will record both the instability and/or drift of the EUT and any influence of the EUT by the RF field.  
The {{ScreenElement|before field}} graph will record all instability and/or drift of the EUT, where the {{ScreenElement|during field}} graph will record both the instability and/or drift of the EUT and any influence of the EUT by the RF field.  


The Software is able to support a maximum of 8 A/D converters with a maximum resolution of 16 bits. For each A/D channel, two graphs can be recorded (before field and during field graph). As an alternative, RadiMation® can also read data from oscilloscopes, audio analysers etc and use it as an A/D input signal. In this case, the operator should select the device driver for the measurement device (for example the oscilloscope) under A/D converter device driver in the equipment list.
The Software is able to support a maximum of 8 A/D converters. For each A/D channel, two graphs can be recorded ('before field' and 'during field' graph). As an alternative, {{RadiMation}} can also read data from oscilloscopes, audio analysers etc and use it as an A/D input signal. In this case, the operator should select the device driver for the measurement device (for example the oscilloscope) under A/D converter device driver in the equipment list.


The analogue channels can be used to monitor analogue voltages, currents, temperature, tacho generators etc. With some extra tools like opto couplers LED’s of the EUT can be monitored.
The analogue channels can be used to monitor analogue voltages, currents, temperature, tacho generators etc. With some extra tools like opto couplers LED’s of the EUT can be monitored.
Apart from the AD converters, “Field sensors”, forward power, reflected power and “current probes can be used as input.
Apart from the AD converters, 'Field sensors', 'forward power', 'reflected power' and 'current probes' can be used as input.


===AD channel Configuration===
=== EUT Monitoring Configuration===
The monitoring functionality for a specific EUT is configured in the EUT itself, because it is specific to that EUT.
 
In the opened EUT file, all the monitored channels are available on the {{ScreenElement|Monitoring input channels}} tab. Double click an existing input channel opens the configuration of that channel or a new monitoring input channel can be added by using the {{ScreenElement|Add}} button.


[[Image:EUT AD Channels Tab.jpg]]
[[Image:EUT AD Channels Tab.jpg]]


The input channels are configurated under the “AD Input, configuration menu” in the EUT window. This menu is entered by using the “AD-channel” tab in the EUT window. In the “AD Input, configuration menu” each A/D channel can be switched on and off separately. If a channel is switched on, the following items can be configurated in the set-up menu of that channel:
In the configuration window of a specific input, the monitoring input channel can be configured.


[[Image:AD Channel Setup Window.jpg]]  
[[Image:Monitoring input channel setup.png]]  


{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|Under Description, a title can be applied to the corresponding A/D channel. The title may have a maximum length of 40 characters.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
 
{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|Can be any text that identifies this channel. This description will also be used as the graphline in the final test.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Units|Under “Units” the units of the measured value can be entered. The entered units are only used as a label in the corresponding graph.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Device|The device driver that should be used to perform the measurement of the value. If the {{ScreenElement|AD convertor selected in testsite}} is selected, the device that is selected as the {{ScreenElement|AD Convertor}} in the testsite that is selected in the TSF of the test will be used.}}
 
{{ScreenElementDescription|Channel|The channel of the selected device driver that should be measured.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Min. Input / Max. Input|Under “Min. Input / Max. Input” the minimum and maximum scale values of the graphic are entered.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Measurement interval|For pulsed immunity tests, a measurement interval can be specified, as a suggestion for the time interval between two sequential measurements of this same channel. The value should be in the range between 1 milliseconds and 60 seconds, and the default value is 250 milliseconds. This measurement interval is not used for radiated and conducted immunity tests, and then not relevant.}}
 
{{ScreenElementDescription|Units|The unit that should be used for the representation of the measured value. The specified unit is only used as a label in the corresponding graph.}}
{{warning|This setting does not change the input range of the A/D converter.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Decimal places|The number of decimal places that should be used to represent the measured values, when the values are shown as a numerical value, for example in a table. If the value should be shown with a 0.01 resolution, the {{ScreenElement|Decimal places}} can be set to 2.}}
 
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calculation|The measured value can be recalculated to another value. {{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
Example:
    {{ScreenElementDescription|None|No calculation on the retrieved value is done. The retrieved value is directly passed as the final value of the monitoring input.}}
 
    {{ScreenElementDescription|Offset|The value specified for the {{ScreenElement|Offset}} will be added to the retrieved value. {{ScreenElement|Offset}} can be a positive or negative number. The result of the addition will be the final value of the monitoring input.}}
If an A/D converter is used with a maximum input range of 1 V and an external shunt resistor of 0.1 Ohm is used, the A/D configuration menu is set-up as the following:
    {{ScreenElementDescription|Multiply|The value specified for the {{ScreenElement|Multiply}} will be used to multiply the retrieved value. {{ScreenElement|Multiply}} can be a positive or negative number. The result of the multiplication will be the  final value of the monitoring input.}}
 
    {{ScreenElementDescription|AD input range|The values specified for the {{ScreenElement|Min}} and {{ScreenElement|Max}} values are used to perform a re-mapping of the minimum and maximum value of the AD convertor device driver. If for example a multimeter is used which is able to measure the voltage between 0 and 100 V, but it is connected to a 0.5 {{Ohm}} shunt resistor, to measure the current, the {{ScreenElement|Min}} can be set to 0 A, and the {{ScreenElement|Max}} can be set to 200 A.}}
Units : [A]
    {{ScreenElementDescription|Formula|The text specified for the {{ScreenElement|Formula}} is used to recalculate 'x' into a final value of the monitoring input. Standard operations like, *, /, +, -, ( and ) can be combined with values to perform a more complex recalculation of the retrieved value.}}
 
    {{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}  }}
Min. Input : 0  
{{ScreenElementDescription|Measure|The selected options in the {{ScreenElement|Measure}} group, determine at which moment the monitoring input will be measured. One or more of these options can be selected.  {{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
 
    {{ScreenElementDescription|Before dwelltime|The monitoring input will be measured after the testlevel has been regulated, just before the modulation is activated and the dwelltime is started.}}
Max. Input : 0.1
    {{ScreenElementDescription|During dwelltime|The monitoring input will be measured while the modulation is still being applied at the end of the dwelltime just before the dwelltime will finish. This is the best selection, as the value that is measured just before the end of the dwelltime is the most interesting point to determine if the EUT is being influenced.}}
 
    {{ScreenElementDescription|After dwelltime|The monitoring input will be measured directly after the dwelltime has passed, and the modulation has been deactivated again.}}
The graph will be displayed with a scale from 0 to 0.1 A on the Y- scale, and the frequency on the X- scale (from the start frequency tot the stop frequency as entered under the test configuration menu).
    {{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}  }}
 
{{ScreenElementDescription|Range|A range of allowed values can be specified for this measurement. The {{ScreenElement|Min Range}} can be set to specify the minimum allowed valid value of the measurement. The {{ScreenElement|Max Range}} can be set to specify the maximum allowed valid value of the measurement. If at any moment the measured value is out of this accepted allowed range, it is assumed that the EUT is being influenced.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Note|The option “Note” allows text notes to be added to each A/D channel. This text field can be used to describe test conditions or the response of the EUT during the tests. The text fields can be changed after the test is completed under the “Info” screen.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Note|Any additional information or documentation can be added to the monitoring input, by specifying it in the note. This information can be used to describe test conditions or the response of the EUT during the tests. The information can also be changed after the test is completed in the test information screen.}}
 
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Measure|The selection(s) under “Measure” determine under which conditions the A/D channel is measured. The “Before Field” graphic is measured before the test signal is applied at each test frequency. The “During Field” graphic is measured at the end of the “Dwell time”, during the period the test signal is applied.}}
 
{{ScreenElementDescription|Range|When selecting a minimum or a maximum “Range”, RadiMation® can react if an A/D-channel is out of range. For example during a Radiated immunity test, the field generated can influence an EUT. RadiMation® can detect this and level the field back to a point that the EUT is not influenced any more. When no “Range” is selected, the A/D-channel is used for recording only.}}
 
{{warning|While reading each A/D channel will take a little time, scanning 8 A/D channels in the 2 modes for each test point will increase the total test time. Therefore we recommend switching off all unused A/D channels.}}
 
 
Furthermore, drawing the graphs on the screen will also take some time. For maximum performance, do not leave all graphs open on the screen.


===Field sensors===
===Field sensors===
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Product improvements on an EUT therefore are more easily performed with a current injection set-up
Product improvements on an EUT therefore are more easily performed with a current injection set-up
.
.
For this purpose, during a substitution test, a current sensor can be used to record the RF current in one of the I/O cables of the EUT. RadiMation® can record the injected current in this cable due to the applied field.  
For this purpose, during a substitution test, a current sensor can be used to record the RF current in one of the I/O cables of the EUT. {{RadiMation}} can record the injected current in this cable due to the applied field.  




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To get accurate current values, the current probe should be connected through a fibre optic cable in stead of using a coaxial cable. A coax cable will cause common-mode currents to flow on the screen, resulting in inaccurate test results.
To get accurate current values, the current probe should be connected through a fibre optic cable in stead of using a coaxial cable. A coax cable will cause common-mode currents to flow on the screen, resulting in inaccurate test results.
[[Category:Manual]]

Latest revision as of 13:13, 2 February 2023

EUT monitoring and control[edit]

Input Channels[edit]

The input configuration is selected by pushing the Input button in the TSF window of an immunity test. A window like the one shown below will appear.

Input Configuration Window.jpg

Goal[edit]

The input channels of the RadiMation® software are implemented to monitor output signals of the EUT as a function of the test frequency. The software is able to monitor each channel before, during and after each test frequency. This way of data storage is useful during certification tests as well as during the development process of a product.

The inputs channels allow automatic and accurate monitoring of EUT performance. Together with the output channels, full automatic tests can be performed without intervention of the test engineer.

The before field data of each input channel, tells you if the equipment is functioning properly before each test point. The during field data of each input channel records if the equipment is influenced during period the test signal is applied.

The before field graph will record all instability and/or drift of the EUT, where the during field graph will record both the instability and/or drift of the EUT and any influence of the EUT by the RF field.

The Software is able to support a maximum of 8 A/D converters. For each A/D channel, two graphs can be recorded ('before field' and 'during field' graph). As an alternative, RadiMation® can also read data from oscilloscopes, audio analysers etc and use it as an A/D input signal. In this case, the operator should select the device driver for the measurement device (for example the oscilloscope) under A/D converter device driver in the equipment list.

The analogue channels can be used to monitor analogue voltages, currents, temperature, tacho generators etc. With some extra tools like opto couplers LED’s of the EUT can be monitored. Apart from the AD converters, 'Field sensors', 'forward power', 'reflected power' and 'current probes' can be used as input.

EUT Monitoring Configuration[edit]

The monitoring functionality for a specific EUT is configured in the EUT itself, because it is specific to that EUT.

In the opened EUT file, all the monitored channels are available on the Monitoring input channels tab. Double click an existing input channel opens the configuration of that channel or a new monitoring input channel can be added by using the Add button.

EUT AD Channels Tab.jpg

In the configuration window of a specific input, the monitoring input channel can be configured.

Monitoring input channel setup.png


ScreenElementDescription.svg Description Can be any text that identifies this channel. This description will also be used as the graphline in the final test.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Device The device driver that should be used to perform the measurement of the value. If the AD convertor selected in testsite is selected, the device that is selected as the AD Convertor in the testsite that is selected in the TSF of the test will be used.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Channel The channel of the selected device driver that should be measured.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Measurement interval For pulsed immunity tests, a measurement interval can be specified, as a suggestion for the time interval between two sequential measurements of this same channel. The value should be in the range between 1 milliseconds and 60 seconds, and the default value is 250 milliseconds. This measurement interval is not used for radiated and conducted immunity tests, and then not relevant.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Units The unit that should be used for the representation of the measured value. The specified unit is only used as a label in the corresponding graph.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Decimal places The number of decimal places that should be used to represent the measured values, when the values are shown as a numerical value, for example in a table. If the value should be shown with a 0.01 resolution, the Decimal places can be set to 2.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calculation The measured value can be recalculated to another value.
ScreenElementDescription.svg None No calculation on the retrieved value is done. The retrieved value is directly passed as the final value of the monitoring input.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Offset The value specified for the Offset will be added to the retrieved value. Offset can be a positive or negative number. The result of the addition will be the final value of the monitoring input.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Multiply The value specified for the Multiply will be used to multiply the retrieved value. Multiply can be a positive or negative number. The result of the multiplication will be the final value of the monitoring input.
ScreenElementDescription.svg AD input range The values specified for the Min and Max values are used to perform a re-mapping of the minimum and maximum value of the AD convertor device driver. If for example a multimeter is used which is able to measure the voltage between 0 and 100 V, but it is connected to a 0.5 Ω shunt resistor, to measure the current, the Min can be set to 0 A, and the Max can be set to 200 A.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Formula The text specified for the Formula is used to recalculate 'x' into a final value of the monitoring input. Standard operations like, *, /, +, -, ( and ) can be combined with values to perform a more complex recalculation of the retrieved value.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Measure The selected options in the Measure group, determine at which moment the monitoring input will be measured. One or more of these options can be selected.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Before dwelltime The monitoring input will be measured after the testlevel has been regulated, just before the modulation is activated and the dwelltime is started.
ScreenElementDescription.svg During dwelltime The monitoring input will be measured while the modulation is still being applied at the end of the dwelltime just before the dwelltime will finish. This is the best selection, as the value that is measured just before the end of the dwelltime is the most interesting point to determine if the EUT is being influenced.
ScreenElementDescription.svg After dwelltime The monitoring input will be measured directly after the dwelltime has passed, and the modulation has been deactivated again.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Range A range of allowed values can be specified for this measurement. The Min Range can be set to specify the minimum allowed valid value of the measurement. The Max Range can be set to specify the maximum allowed valid value of the measurement. If at any moment the measured value is out of this accepted allowed range, it is assumed that the EUT is being influenced.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Note Any additional information or documentation can be added to the monitoring input, by specifying it in the note. This information can be used to describe test conditions or the response of the EUT during the tests. The information can also be changed after the test is completed in the test information screen.


Field sensors[edit]

During a substitution test, a field sensor can be used to record the field strength near the EUT and record it in a graph. It should be noted that the presence of the EUT in the chamber will influence the field homogeneity in the close vicinity of the EUT. Therefore, the field sensor will probably not give the same reading as it would give in an empty chamber. The field sensor reading should therefore only be used as an indication.

Field Probe Setup Configuration Window.png

Current probes[edit]

Current injection tests are more easily carried out and are less expensive than tests in an anechoic chamber (caused by the very expensive test equipment needed for radiated immunity tests).

Product improvements on an EUT therefore are more easily performed with a current injection set-up . For this purpose, during a substitution test, a current sensor can be used to record the RF current in one of the I/O cables of the EUT. RadiMation® can record the injected current in this cable due to the applied field.


This current sensor data can be used to simulate the influence to the EUT, in a current injection test set-up.

To get accurate current values, the current probe should be connected through a fibre optic cable in stead of using a coaxial cable. A coax cable will cause common-mode currents to flow on the screen, resulting in inaccurate test results.

The ability of an EUT to be immune to incoming electromagnetic interference. This is equivalent to the term susceptibility that is used by some standards.

Analog to Digital

Analog to Digital

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