RadiMation Application Note 154: Difference between revisions

From RadiWiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
(20 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 6: Line 6:


== Necessary equipment ==
== Necessary equipment ==
The following devices are necessary to run this test:
The following devices are necessary to run the calibration, verification and EUT test:
* Signal generator
* Signal generator
* Amplifier
* Amplifier
Line 19: Line 19:
* Cable drivers with corrections
* Cable drivers with corrections


== Configuration of the test sites ==
== Tips ==
=== EUT Testing ===
{{Note|If the current unit is shown as uA, it can be changed to dBuA by clicking {{ScreenElement|Units}}, select {{ScreenElement|Current}} and click {{ScreenElement|Edit}} to change this.}}
[[File:CS114_EUT_Testing.png]]
 
== Define the test level ==
=== Create a correction file for the test level ===
{{Menu|File|New|Correction}}
First create a correction file in {{RadiMation}} and specify the applicable test level (See 'TABLE IV CS114 limit curves.' and 'FIGURE CS114-1. CS114 calibration limits.').
In this example the limits for 'Aircraft (External or safety critical) / Curve 5 are configured.
 
Ensure that the correction file has a {{ScreenElement|Frequency}} column and a {{ScreenElement|Current}} column with the unit set to dBuA.
 
[[File:CS114_Test_level.png]]
 
{{Menu|File|Save correction}}
Store the test level as correction file on disk.


The configuration of the eut test site should contain the following devices:
This correction file with the test level will be used during the calibration, verification and the EUT testing.
{|class="wikitable"
!# || Device name || Tab in testsite configuration window || note
|-
| || Signal Generator || Devices 1 || The signal generator to use
|-
| || Amplifier || Devices 1 || The amplifier to use
|-
| || Coupler || Devices 1 || The coupler to use
|-
| || Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power meter to use
|-
| || Sensor powermeter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
|-
| || Current Sensor || Devices 2 || The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
|-
| || Injection device || Devices 2 || The injection clamp to use
|-
!colspan="4"|Cables
|-
|① || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (1) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|-
|② || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (2) with the specified loss of the used attenuator
|-
|③ || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (3) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|}


== Calibration procedure ==
== Calibration procedure ==
Line 84: Line 71:
|}
|}


=== Create a correction file for the test level ===
=== Configure the calibration ===
{{Menu|File|New|Correction}}
First create a correction file in {{RadiMation}} and specify the applicable test level (See 'TABLE IV CS114 limit curves.' and 'FIGURE CS114-1. CS114 calibration limits.').
In this example the limits for 'Aircraft (External or safety critical) / Curve 5 are configured.
 
Ensure that the correction file has a {{ScreenElement|Frequency}} column and a {{ScreenElement|Current}} column with the unit set to dBuA.
 
[[File:CS114_Test_level.png]]
 
=== Create calibration test setup files ===
There are three frequency ranges that have to be calibrated with the following settings (see TABLE III).
There are three frequency ranges that have to be calibrated with the following settings (see TABLE III).
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 122: Line 100:
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test engineer|The engineer that performed the calibration.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test engineer|The engineer that performed the calibration.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{Note|If the current unit is shown as uA, it can be changed to dBuA by clicking {{ScreenElement|Units}}, select {{ScreenElement|Current}} and click {{ScreenElement|Edit}} to change this.}}


=== Calibration result ===
=== Calibration result ===
Line 129: Line 105:


== Verification ==
== Verification ==
=== Create the Test Setup File (TSF) ===
 
=== Verification equipment ===
[[File:CS114_Verification.png]]
 
The configuration of the verification test site should contain the following devices:
{|class="wikitable"
!# || Device name || Tab in testsite configuration window || note
|-
| || Signal Generator || Devices 1 || The signal generator to use
|-
| || Amplifier || Devices 1 || The amplifier to use
|-
| || Coupler || Devices 1 || The coupler to use
|-
| || Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power meter to use
|-
| || Sensor powermeter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
|-
| || Current Sensor || Devices 2 || The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
|-
| || Injection device || Devices 2 || The injection clamp to use
|-
!colspan="4"|Cables
|-
|① || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (1) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|-
|② || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (2) with the specified loss of the used attenuator
|-
|③ || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (3) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|}
 
=== Configure the verification ===
CS114 requires to perform a verification of the setup with the probes in the calibration setup. With this verification it is important to verify that the forward power of the calibration is followed and that the generated current is within 3 dB tolerance of the current test limit.
CS114 requires to perform a verification of the setup with the probes in the calibration setup. With this verification it is important to verify that the forward power of the calibration is followed and that the generated current is within 3 dB tolerance of the current test limit.
The verification can be performed in {{RadiMation}} by doing an actual conducted immunity test. This test can be started by selecting from the menu:
The verification can be performed in {{RadiMation}} by doing an actual conducted immunity test. This test can be started by selecting from the menu:
Line 145: Line 152:
|}
|}


Each band needs a test level defined with the test level {{ScreenElement|Current substitution method}} and the appropriate calibration file attached.
[[File:CS114 Current Testlevel Configuration.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the test level.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration file|Select the calibration file to use.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test level|Variable current, and specify the correction file for the applicable test level.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration method|Select Forward Power.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Tolerance|Specify the tolerance to use.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
Next to the test level add an input {{ScreenElement|Current sensor}}, this will ensure that the current is measured during the test.
{{Note|If the current unit is shown as uA, it can be changed to dBuA by clicking {{ScreenElement|Units}}, select {{ScreenElement|Current}} and click {{ScreenElement|Edit}} to change this.}}
[[File:CS114 Verification Setup.png]]
[[File:CS114 Verification Setup.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
Line 171: Line 165:
{{ScreenElementDescription|Inputs|Add the current sensor as an input.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Inputs|Add the current sensor as an input.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
Each band needs a test level defined with the test level {{ScreenElement|Current substitution method}} and the appropriate calibration file attached.
[[File:CS114 Current Testlevel Configuration.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the test level.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration file|Select the calibration file to use.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test level|Variable current, and specify the correction file for the applicable test level.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration method|Select Forward Power.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Tolerance|Specify the tolerance to use.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
Next to the test level add an input {{ScreenElement|Current sensor}}, this will ensure that the current is measured during the test.


=== Run the verification test ===
=== Run the verification test ===
Line 181: Line 188:


== EUT Testing ==
== EUT Testing ==
=== Create the Test Setup File (TSF) ===
 
=== EUT Testing equipment ===
[[File:CS114_EUT_Testing.png]]
 
The configuration of the eut test site should contain the following devices:
{|class="wikitable"
!# || Device name || Tab in testsite configuration window || note
|-
| || Signal Generator || Devices 1 || The signal generator to use
|-
| || Amplifier || Devices 1 || The amplifier to use
|-
| || Coupler || Devices 1 || The coupler to use
|-
| || Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power meter to use
|-
| || Sensor powermeter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
|-
| || Current Sensor || Devices 2 || The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
|-
| || Injection device || Devices 2 || The injection clamp to use
|-
!colspan="4"|Cables
|-
|① || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (1) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|-
|② || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (2) with the specified loss of the used attenuator
|-
|③ || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (3) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|}
 
=== Configure the EUT test ===
To perform the actual test on the EUT, create a conducted immunity multiband test with 3 bands.  
To perform the actual test on the EUT, create a conducted immunity multiband test with 3 bands.  
The conducted immunity multiband test, can be started by selecting from the menu:
The conducted immunity multiband test, can be started by selecting from the menu:
Line 197: Line 235:
|}
|}


{{Note|If the current unit is shown as uA, it can be changed to dBuA by clicking {{ScreenElement|Units}}, select {{ScreenElement|Current}} and click {{ScreenElement|Edit}} to change this.}}
[[File:CS114 Test Setup.png]]
[[File:CS114 Test Setup.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
Line 218: Line 255:
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency|The PM frequency 1 kHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency|The PM frequency 1 kHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Duty Cycle|A duty cycle of 50%.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Duty Cycle|A duty cycle of 50%.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Also apply modulation out of the dwell-time period|Check this checkbox to enable modulation outside the dwell-time.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}


Revision as of 09:53, 28 November 2023

How to perform a MIL-STD-461 CS114, Conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection test[edit]

This application note explains how the MIL-STD-461 CS114, Conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection test can be performed with RadiMation®

The exact requirements and test methods for the CS114 are specified in the MIL-STD-461.

Necessary equipment[edit]

The following devices are necessary to run the calibration, verification and EUT test:

  • Signal generator
  • Amplifier
  • Coupler
  • Forward power meter
  • Current sensor
  • Sensor power meter / Analyser
  • 50 Ohm load
  • 50 Ohm attenuator
  • Current injection device
  • Current injection calibration jig (Calibration fixture)
  • Cable drivers with corrections

Tips[edit]

Information.png
 Note: If the current unit is shown as uA, it can be changed to dBuA by clicking Units, select Current and click Edit to change this.

Define the test level[edit]

Create a correction file for the test level[edit]

   Menu.svg File
      Menu.svg New
         Menu.svg Correction

First create a correction file in RadiMation® and specify the applicable test level (See 'TABLE IV CS114 limit curves.' and 'FIGURE CS114-1. CS114 calibration limits.'). In this example the limits for 'Aircraft (External or safety critical) / Curve 5 are configured.

Ensure that the correction file has a Frequency column and a Current column with the unit set to dBuA.

CS114 Test level.png


   Menu.svg File
      Menu.svg Save correction

Store the test level as correction file on disk.

This correction file with the test level will be used during the calibration, verification and the EUT testing.

Calibration procedure[edit]

Calibration equipment[edit]

CS114 Calibration.png

The configuration of the calibration test site should contain the following devices:

# Device name Tab in testsite configuration window note
Signal Generator Devices 1 The signal generator to use
Amplifier Devices 1 The amplifier to use
Coupler Devices 1 The coupler to use
Forward power meter Devices 1 The forward power meter to use
Sensor powermeter Devices 2 The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
Current Sensor Devices 2 The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
Injection device Devices 2 The injection clamp to use
Jig Devices 2 The jig to use
Cables
① Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable (1) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
② Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable (2) with the specified loss of the used attenuator
③ Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable (3) with a correction file specified for the cable loss

Configure the calibration[edit]

There are three frequency ranges that have to be calibrated with the following settings (see TABLE III).

Band Frequency range Step size
Band 1 10 kHz - 1 MHz 5 %
Band 2 1 MHz - 30 MHz 1 %
Band 2 30 MHz - 200 MHz 0.5 %

These three bands can be configured and performed in three different calibrations. The calibration can be started from the menu by selecting:

   Menu.svg Calibration
      Menu.svg System calibration
         Menu.svg Conducted immunity

This example shows the settings for band 1.

CS114 Calibration band 1.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Start The start frequency of the test. For example 10 kHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg End The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Step The frequency step, in this case 5%.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test level The test level, in this case current.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Variable The variable test level, select the correction file created earlier.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Tolerance The regulation tolerance.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration method Forward power.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test equipment Calibration test equipment.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test engineer The engineer that performed the calibration.


Calibration result[edit]

When the calibration is performed, the engineer is asked, to save the results of that calibration to a calibration (.CAL) file. It is possible to give the .CAL file any clear and distinct name. All three bands have to calibrated, and at the end, there should be three different calibration files that are generated.

Verification[edit]

Verification equipment[edit]

CS114 Verification.png

The configuration of the verification test site should contain the following devices:

# Device name Tab in testsite configuration window note
Signal Generator Devices 1 The signal generator to use
Amplifier Devices 1 The amplifier to use
Coupler Devices 1 The coupler to use
Forward power meter Devices 1 The forward power meter to use
Sensor powermeter Devices 2 The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
Current Sensor Devices 2 The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
Injection device Devices 2 The injection clamp to use
Cables
① Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable (1) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
② Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable (2) with the specified loss of the used attenuator
③ Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable (3) with a correction file specified for the cable loss

Configure the verification[edit]

CS114 requires to perform a verification of the setup with the probes in the calibration setup. With this verification it is important to verify that the forward power of the calibration is followed and that the generated current is within 3 dB tolerance of the current test limit. The verification can be performed in RadiMation® by doing an actual conducted immunity test. This test can be started by selecting from the menu:

   Menu.svg Tests
      Menu.svg Conducted Immunity
         Menu.svg Multiband

Create a new multiband conducted immunity test and define three bands with the following settings:

Band Frequency range Step size
Band 1 10 kHz - 1 MHz 10 %
Band 2 1 MHz - 30 MHz 2 %
Band 2 30 MHz - 200 MHz 1 %

CS114 Verification Setup.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Start The start frequency of the test. For example 10 kHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg End The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency Step The frequency step, see 5.12.3.4.c.3.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Dwell Time The dwell time specified see TABLE II.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency Change Mode Constant.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Modulation Modulation is optional during the verification.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test equipment The equipment needed for the verification.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Location Type Injection clamp.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test Level Specify the current substitution method.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Inputs Add the current sensor as an input.


Each band needs a test level defined with the test level Current substitution method and the appropriate calibration file attached.

CS114 Current Testlevel Configuration.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Description The description of the test level.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration file Select the calibration file to use.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test level Variable current, and specify the correction file for the applicable test level.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration method Select Forward Power.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Tolerance Specify the tolerance to use.


Next to the test level add an input Current sensor, this will ensure that the current is measured during the test.

Run the verification test[edit]

When all settings are configured press Start Test to run the verification test.

CS114 Verification Result.png

Verification result[edit]

With the result of the verification it should be possible to determine if the measured current is within the 3 dB tolerance of the current test limit as specified in clause 5.12.3.4.c of the MIL-STD-461.

EUT Testing[edit]

EUT Testing equipment[edit]

CS114 EUT Testing.png

The configuration of the eut test site should contain the following devices:

# Device name Tab in testsite configuration window note
Signal Generator Devices 1 The signal generator to use
Amplifier Devices 1 The amplifier to use
Coupler Devices 1 The coupler to use
Forward power meter Devices 1 The forward power meter to use
Sensor powermeter Devices 2 The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
Current Sensor Devices 2 The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
Injection device Devices 2 The injection clamp to use
Cables
① Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable (1) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
② Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable (2) with the specified loss of the used attenuator
③ Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable (3) with a correction file specified for the cable loss

Configure the EUT test[edit]

To perform the actual test on the EUT, create a conducted immunity multiband test with 3 bands. The conducted immunity multiband test, can be started by selecting from the menu:

   Menu.svg Tests
      Menu.svg Conducted Immunity
         Menu.svg Multiband

The following bands should be configured.

Band Frequency range Step size
Band 1 10 kHz - 1 MHz 5 %
Band 2 1 MHz - 30 MHz 1 %
Band 2 30 MHz - 200 MHz 0.5 %

CS114 Test Setup.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Start The start frequency of the test. For example 10 kHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg End The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency Step The frequency step, see Table III.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Dwell Time The dwell time.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency Change Mode Constant.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Modulation Configure Pulse Modulation with 1 kHz and 50% duty cycle.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test equipment The equipment needed for the conducted immunity test.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Location Type Injection clamp.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test Level Specify the current substitution method. Also add a "Measured Current Limit"
ScreenElementDescription.svg Inputs No inputs are needed.


To configure the pulse modulation settings click Config next to the modulation settings, click the PM tab, and enter the pulse modulation settings as defined in 5.12.3.4.d.1. CS114 Modulation settings.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Activate modulation Check this checkbox to enable the pulse modulation.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency The PM frequency 1 kHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Duty Cycle A duty cycle of 50%.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Also apply modulation out of the dwell-time period Check this checkbox to enable modulation outside the dwell-time.


At TestLevel click Add to add a new Test level and select TestLevel - Current substitution method

CS114 Current Testlevel Configuration.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Description The description of the test level.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration file Select the calibration file to use for this band.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test level Variable current, and specify the correction file for the applicable test level.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration method Select Forward Power.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Tolerance Specify the tolerance to use.


Next to the test level add a limit, At TestLevel click Add to add a new Limit and select Limit - Measured Current Limit

With this limit the level will not be regulated higher than the measured current in the cable even if the forward power is not reached yet.

CS114 Current limit.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Description The description of the limit
ScreenElementDescription.svg Constant current The current to limit on.


When all bands are configured press Start Test to run the EUT test.

EUT Test Result[edit]

Once the test is finished, the results of this test are stored in the EUT file and available as one of the performed Tests in the EUT file. Selecting the corresponding test result and pressing on Info will show the test results again.

CS114 Test Result.png

Conclusion[edit]

The RadiMation® Conducted Immunity multiband test can be used to perform the CS114 verification and the EUT test with a calibration file and the current sensor used as a limit in the EUT test.

The sensitivity of an EUT to incoming electromagnetic interference. This is equivalent to the term Immunity. RadiMation® always uses the term Immunity.

The ability of an EUT to be immune to incoming electromagnetic interference. This is equivalent to the term susceptibility that is used by some standards.

The ability of an EUT to be immune to incoming electromagnetic interference. This is equivalent to the term susceptibility that is used by some standards.

Retrieved from "https://wiki.radimation.com/wiki/index.php?title=RadiMation_Application_Note_154&oldid=99352"