RadiMation Application Note 154: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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== How to perform a MIL-STD CS114, Conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection test ==
== How to perform a MIL-STD-461 CS114, Conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection test ==
This application note explains how the MIL-STD CS114, Conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection test can be performed with {{RadiMation}}
This application note explains how the MIL-STD-461 CS114, Conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection test can be performed with {{RadiMation}}
 
CS114 is a test method used in military and aerospace environments to assess the susceptibility of electronic equipment to conducted RF (radio frequency) currents over a frequency range of 10 kHz to 200 MHz. The test uses pulse modulation to ensure that devices can withstand conducted interference without experiencing performance degradation or failure.


The exact requirements and test methods for the CS114 are specified in the [[MIL-STD-461]].
The exact requirements and test methods for the CS114 are specified in the [[MIL-STD-461]].


== Necessary equipment ==
== Necessary equipment ==
The following devices are necessary to run this test:
The following devices are necessary to run the calibration, verification and EUT test:
* Signal generator
* Signal generator
* Amplifier
* Amplifier
* Coupler
* Coupler
* Forward power meter
* Forward power meter
* Reflected power meter (optionally)
* Current sensor
* Current sensor
* Sensor power meter / Analyser
* Sensor power meter / Analyser
Line 20: Line 21:
* Cable drivers with corrections
* Cable drivers with corrections


== Configuration of the test sites ==
== Tips ==
=== Calibration ===
{{Note|If the current unit is shown as μA, it can be changed to dBμA by clicking {{ScreenElement|Units}}, select {{ScreenElement|Current}} and click {{ScreenElement|Edit}} to change this.}}
 
== Define the test level ==
CS114 uses a limit that varies over the frequency range and therefor we have to configure a variable test level.
These limits are configured with a correction file in {{RadiMation}}.
 
=== Create a correction file for the test level by selecting the menu: ===
{{Menu|File|New|Correction}}
First create a correction file in {{RadiMation}} and specify the applicable test level (See 'TABLE IV CS114 limit curves.' and 'FIGURE CS114-1. CS114 calibration limits.' of the [[MIL-STD-461]].).
In this example the limits for 'Aircraft (External or safety critical) / Curve 5 are configured.
 
Ensure that the correction file has a {{ScreenElement|Frequency}} column and a {{ScreenElement|Current}} column with the unit set to dBμA.
 
[[File:CS114_Test_level.png]]
 
=== Store the correction file for the test level by selecting the menu: ===
{{Menu|File|Save correction}}
Store the test level as correction file on disk.
 
This correction file with the test level will be used during the calibration, verification and the EUT testing.
 
== Calibration procedure ==
The calibration is performed to characterize the losses and determine the correct power level in the used measurement setup.
 
=== Calibration equipment ===
[[File:CS114_Calibration.png]]
[[File:CS114_Calibration.png]]


The configuration of the calibration test site should contain the following devices:
The configuration of the calibration test site should contain the following devices:
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
! Device name || Tab in testsite configuration window || note
!# || Device name || Tab in testsite configuration window || note
|-
| Signal generator || Devices 1 || The signal generator to use
|-
| Amplifier || Devices 1 || The amplifier to use
|-
| Coupler || Devices 1 || The coupler to use
|-
| Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power meter to use
|-
| Reflected power meter || Devices 1 || The reflected power meter to use (optionally)
|-
| Sensor power meter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
|-
| Current sensor || Devices 2 || The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
|-
| Injection device || Devices 2 || The injection clamp to use
|-
| Jig || Devices 2 || The jig to use
|-
| Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (1) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|-
| Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (2) with the specified loss of the used attenuator
|-
| Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (3) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|}
 
=== Verification ===
[[File:CS114_Verification.png]]
 
The configuration of the verification test site should contain the following devices:
{|class="wikitable"
! Device name || Tab in testsite configuration window || note
|-
| Signal generator || Devices 1 || The signal generator to use
|-
| Amplifier || Devices 1 || The amplifier to use
|-
| Coupler || Devices 1 || The coupler to use
|-
| Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power meter to use
|-
| Reflected power meter || Devices 1 || The reflected power meter to use (optionally)
|-
| Sensor power meter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
|-
| Current sensor || Devices 2 || The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
|-
| Injection device || Devices 2 || The injection clamp to use
|-
| Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (1) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|-
| Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (2) with the specified loss of the used attenuator
|-
|-
| Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (3) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
| || Signal Generator || Devices 1 || The signal generator to use
|}
=== EUT Testing ===
[[File:CS114_EUT_Testing.png]]
 
The configuration of the eut test site should contain the following devices:
{|class="wikitable"
! Device name || Tab in testsite configuration window || note
|-
|-
| Signal generator || Devices 1 || The signal generator to use
| || Amplifier || Devices 1 || The amplifier to use
|-
|-
| Amplifier || Devices 1 || The amplifier to use
| || Coupler || Devices 1 || The coupler to use
|-
|-
| Coupler || Devices 1 || The coupler to use
| || Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power meter to use
|-
|-
| Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power meter to use
| || Sensor powermeter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
|-
|-
| Reflected power meter || Devices 1 || The reflected power meter to use (optionally)
| || Current Sensor || Devices 2 || The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
|-
|-
| Sensor power meter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
| || Injection device || Devices 2 || The injection clamp to use
|-
|-
| Current sensor || Devices 2 || The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
| || Jig || Devices 2 || The jig to use
|-
|-
| Injection device || Devices 2 || The injection clamp to use
!colspan="4"|Cables
|-
|-
| Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (1) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|① || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|-
|-
| Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (2) with the specified loss of the used attenuator
|② || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with the specified loss of the used attenuator
|-
|-
| Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable (3) with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|③ || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|}
|}


== Calibration procedure ==
=== Configure the calibration ===
 
There are three frequency ranges that have to be calibrated with the following settings (see TABLE III in [[MIL-STD-461]].).
=== Create a correction file for the test level ===
{{Menu|File|New|Correction}}
First create a correction file in {{RadiMation}} and specify the applicable test level (See 'TABLE IV CS114 limit curves.' and 'FIGURE CS114-1. CS114 calibration limits.').
In this example the limits for 'Aircraft (External or safety critcal) / Curve 5 are configured.
 
Make sure to remove the Correction column and add the Current column with the unit set to dBuV.
 
[[File:CS114_Test_level.png]]
 
=== Create calibration test setup files ===
 
There are three frequency ranges that have to be calibrated with the following settings (see TABLE III).
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
! Band || Frequency range || Step size  
! Band || Frequency range || Step size  
Line 135: Line 89:
| Band 2 || 30 MHz - 200 MHz  || 0.5 %
| Band 2 || 30 MHz - 200 MHz  || 0.5 %
|}
|}
These three bands can be configured and performed in three different calibrations. The calibration can be started from the menu by selecting:
{{Menu|Calibration|System calibration|Conducted immunity}}
{{Menu|Calibration|System calibration|Conducted immunity}}


Create three test setup files, this example shows the settings for band 1.
This example shows the configuration for band 1, a similar configuration can be created for the other bands.


[[File:CS114_Calibration band 1.png]]
[[File:CS114_Calibration band 1.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the test. For example 10 kHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the calibration. For example 10 kHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the calibration. For example 1 MHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Step|The frequency step, in this case 5%.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Step|The frequency step, in this case 5%.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test level|The test level, in this case current.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test level|The test level, in this case {{ScreenElement|current}}.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Variable|The variable test level, select the correction file created earlier.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Variable|The variable test level, select the correction file created earlier.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Tolerance|The regulation tolerance.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Tolerance|The regulation tolerance.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration method|Forward power.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration method|The power measurement that should be the result of the calibration: {{ScreenElement|Forward power}}}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test equipment|Calibration test equipment.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test equipment|Calibration test equipment.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test engineer|The engineer that performed the calibration.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test engineer|The engineer that performed the calibration.}}
Line 154: Line 109:


=== Calibration result ===
=== Calibration result ===
When the three calibrations are performed there should be three calibration files created.
When the calibration is performed, the engineer is asked, to save the results of that calibration to a calibration (.CAL) file. It is possible to give the .CAL file any clear and distinct name. All three bands have to calibrated, and at the end, there should be three different calibration files that are generated.


== Verification ==
== Verification ==
=== Create the Test Setup File (TSF) ===
CS114 requires to perform a verification of the setup with the current probe in the calibration setup. With this verification it is important to verify that the forward power of the calibration is followed and that the generated current is within 3 dB tolerance of the current test limit.
CS114 requires to perform a verification of the setup with the probes in the calibration setup. With this verification it is important to verify that the forward power of the calibration is followed and that the developed current is within 3 dB tolerance of the current test limit.
 
=== Verification equipment ===
[[File:CS114_Verification.png]]
 
The configuration of the verification test site should contain the following devices:
{|class="wikitable"
!# || Device name || Tab in testsite configuration window || note
|-
| || Signal Generator || Devices 1 || The signal generator to use
|-
| || Amplifier || Devices 1 || The amplifier to use
|-
| || Coupler || Devices 1 || The coupler to use
|-
| || Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power meter to use
|-
| || Sensor powermeter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
|-
| || Current Sensor || Devices 2 || The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
|-
| || Injection device || Devices 2 || The injection clamp to use
|-
!colspan="4"|Cables
|-
|① || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|-
|② || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with the specified loss of the used attenuator
|-
|③ || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|}
 
=== Configure the verification ===
The verification can be performed in {{RadiMation}} by doing an actual conducted immunity test. This test can be started by selecting from the menu:
{{Menu|Tests|Conducted Immunity|Multiband}}
{{Menu|Tests|Conducted Immunity|Multiband}}
Create a new multiband conducted immunity test and define three bands with the following settings:
Create a new multiband conducted immunity test and define three bands with the following settings:
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 171: Line 159:
|}
|}


Each band needs a test level defined with the test level {{ScreenElement|Current substitution method.}} and the appropriate calibration file attached.
[[File:CS114 Verification Setup.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the verification. For example 10 kHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the verification. For example 1 MHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Step|The frequency step, see 5.12.3.4.c.3.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Dwell Time|The dwell time specified see TABLE II of the [[MIL-STD-461]].}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Change Mode|The method that is used to change from one to the next frequency: {{ScreenElement|Constant}}.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Modulation|Modulation is optional during the verification.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test equipment|The equipment needed for the verification.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Location Type|Injection clamp.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test Level|Specify the test level {{ScreenElement|Current substitution method}}.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Inputs|Add the {{ScreenElement|Current sensor}} as an input.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
 
Each band needs a test level defined with the test level {{ScreenElement|Current substitution method}} and the appropriate calibration file attached.


[[File:CS114 Current Testlevel Configuration.png]]
[[File:CS114 Current Testlevel Configuration.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the test level.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the test level.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration file|Select the calibration file to use.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration file|Select the calibration file created during the calibration procedure.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test level|Variable current, and specify the correction file for the applicable test level.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test level|{{ScreenElement|Variable current}} and specify the correction file for the applicable test level created during the calibration procedure.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration method|Select Forward Power.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Calibration method|Select Forward Power.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Tolerance|Specify the tolerance to use.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Tolerance|Specify the tolerance to use.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}


Next to the test level add an input "Current sensor", this will ensure that the current is measured during the test.
Add an input {{ScreenElement|Current sensor}}, this will ensure that the current is measured during the test.
 
[[File:CS114 Verification Setup.png]]
 
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Start|The start frequency of the test. For example 10 kHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Step|The frequency step, see 5.12.3.4.c.3.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Dwell Time|The dwell time specified see TABLE II.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Change Mode|Constant.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Modulation|Modulation is optional during the verification.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test equipment|The equipment needed for the verification.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Location Type|Injection clamp.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test Level|Specify the current substitution method.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Inputs|Add the current sensor as an input.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}


=== Run the verification test ===
=== Run the verification test ===
Line 205: Line 192:


=== Verification result ===
=== Verification result ===
With the result of the verification it should be possible to determine if the measured current is within the 3 dB tolerance of the current test limit as specified in 5.12.3.4.c
With the result of the verification it should be possible to determine if the measured current is within the 3 dB tolerance of the current test limit as specified in clause 5.12.3.4.c of the MIL-STD-461.


== EUT Testing ==
== EUT Testing ==
=== Create the Test Setup File (TSF) ===
 
To perform the EUT test, create a conducted immunity multiband test with 3 bands. the following bands should be configured and tested.
=== EUT Testing equipment ===
[[File:CS114_EUT_Testing.png]]
 
The configuration of the eut test site should contain the following devices:
{|class="wikitable"
!# || Device name || Tab in testsite configuration window || note
|-
| || Signal Generator || Devices 1 || The signal generator to use
|-
| || Amplifier || Devices 1 || The amplifier to use
|-
| || Coupler || Devices 1 || The coupler to use
|-
| || Forward power meter || Devices 1 || The forward power meter to use
|-
| || Sensor powermeter || Devices 2 || The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
|-
| || Current Sensor || Devices 2 || The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
|-
| || Injection device || Devices 2 || The injection clamp to use
|-
!colspan="4"|Cables
|-
|① || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|-
|② || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with the specified loss of the used attenuator
|-
|③ || Cable current -> power meter || Cables || Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss
|}
 
=== Configure the EUT test ===
To perform the actual test on the EUT, create a conducted immunity multiband test with 3 bands.  
The conducted immunity multiband test, can be started by selecting from the menu:
{{Menu|Tests|Conducted Immunity|Multiband}}
 
The following bands should be configured.
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
! Band || Frequency range || Step size  
! Band || Frequency range || Step size  
Line 219: Line 241:
| Band 2 || 30 MHz - 200 MHz  || 0.5 %
| Band 2 || 30 MHz - 200 MHz  || 0.5 %
|}
|}
{{Menu|Tests|Conducted Immunity|Multiband}}


[[File:CS114 Test Setup.png]]
[[File:CS114 Test Setup.png]]
Line 226: Line 247:
{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|End|The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Step|The frequency step, see Table III.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Step|The frequency step, see Table III.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Dwell Time|The dwell time.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Dwell Time|The dwell time specified see TABLE II of the [[MIL-STD-461]].}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Change Mode|Constant.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency Change Mode|The method that is used to change from one to the next frequency: {{ScreenElement|Constant}}.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Modulation|Configure Pulse Modulation with 1 kHz and 50% duty cycle.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Modulation|Configure Pulse Modulation with 1 kHz and 50% duty cycle.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test equipment|The equipment needed for the conducted immunity test.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test equipment|The equipment needed for the conducted immunity test.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Location Type|Injection clamp.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Location Type|Injection clamp.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test Level|Specify the current substitution method. Also add a "Measured Current Limit"}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Test Level|Specify the {{ScreenElement|Current substition method}} and add a limit {{ScreenElement|Measured Current Limit}}}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Inputs|No inputs are needed.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Inputs|No inputs are needed.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}


To configure the pulse modulation settings click {{ScreenElement|Config}} next to the modulation settings, click the {{ScreenElement|PM}} tab, and enter the pulse modulation settings as defined in 5.12.3.4.d.1.
To configure the pulse modulation settings click {{ScreenElement|Config}} next to the modulation settings, click the {{ScreenElement|PM}} tab, and enter the pulse modulation settings as defined in 5.12.3.4.d.1.
[[File:CS114 Modulation settings.png]]
[[File:CS114 Modulation settings.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
Line 241: Line 263:
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency|The PM frequency 1 kHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Frequency|The PM frequency 1 kHz.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Duty Cycle|A duty cycle of 50%.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Duty Cycle|A duty cycle of 50%.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Also apply modulation out of the dwell-time period|Check this checkbox to enable modulation outside the dwell-time.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}


Line 255: Line 278:


Next to the test level add a limit, At {{ScreenElement|TestLevel}} click {{ScreenElement|Add}} to add a new Limit and select {{ScreenElement|Limit - Measured Current Limit}}
Next to the test level add a limit, At {{ScreenElement|TestLevel}} click {{ScreenElement|Add}} to add a new Limit and select {{ScreenElement|Limit - Measured Current Limit}}
With this limit the level will not be regulated higher than the measured current in the cable even if the forward power is not reached yet.


[[File:CS114 Current limit.png]]
[[File:CS114 Current limit.png]]
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionStart}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the limit}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Description|The description of the limit}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Constant current|The maximum measured current.}}
{{ScreenElementDescription|Constant current|The current to limit on.}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
{{ScreenElementDescriptionEnd}}
When all bands are configured press {{ScreenElement|Start Test}} to run the EUT test.
=== EUT Test Result ===
Once the test is finished, the results of this test are stored in the EUT file and available as one of the performed {{ScreenElement|Tests}} in the EUT file. Selecting the corresponding test result and pressing on {{ScreenElement|Info}} will show the test results again.
[[File:CS114 Test Result.png]]


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==
The MIL-STD-461G CS114 calibration can be performed by using the Conducted immunity calibration.
The {{RadiMation}} Conducted immunity multiband test can then be used to perform the MIL-STD-461G CS114 verification and the EUT test with a calibration file and the current sensor used as a limit in the EUT test.
[[Category:RadiMation Application Note]]

Latest revision as of 12:10, 7 November 2024

How to perform a MIL-STD-461 CS114, Conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection test[edit]

This application note explains how the MIL-STD-461 CS114, Conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection test can be performed with RadiMation®

CS114 is a test method used in military and aerospace environments to assess the susceptibility of electronic equipment to conducted RF (radio frequency) currents over a frequency range of 10 kHz to 200 MHz. The test uses pulse modulation to ensure that devices can withstand conducted interference without experiencing performance degradation or failure.

The exact requirements and test methods for the CS114 are specified in the MIL-STD-461.

Necessary equipment[edit]

The following devices are necessary to run the calibration, verification and EUT test:

  • Signal generator
  • Amplifier
  • Coupler
  • Forward power meter
  • Current sensor
  • Sensor power meter / Analyser
  • 50 Ohm load
  • 50 Ohm attenuator
  • Current injection device
  • Current injection calibration jig (Calibration fixture)
  • Cable drivers with corrections

Tips[edit]

Information.png
 Note: If the current unit is shown as μA, it can be changed to dBμA by clicking Units, select Current and click Edit to change this.

Define the test level[edit]

CS114 uses a limit that varies over the frequency range and therefor we have to configure a variable test level. These limits are configured with a correction file in RadiMation®.

Create a correction file for the test level by selecting the menu:[edit]

   Menu.svg File
      Menu.svg New
         Menu.svg Correction

First create a correction file in RadiMation® and specify the applicable test level (See 'TABLE IV CS114 limit curves.' and 'FIGURE CS114-1. CS114 calibration limits.' of the MIL-STD-461.). In this example the limits for 'Aircraft (External or safety critical) / Curve 5 are configured.

Ensure that the correction file has a Frequency column and a Current column with the unit set to dBμA.

CS114 Test level.png

Store the correction file for the test level by selecting the menu:[edit]

   Menu.svg File
      Menu.svg Save correction

Store the test level as correction file on disk.

This correction file with the test level will be used during the calibration, verification and the EUT testing.

Calibration procedure[edit]

The calibration is performed to characterize the losses and determine the correct power level in the used measurement setup.

Calibration equipment[edit]

CS114 Calibration.png

The configuration of the calibration test site should contain the following devices:

# Device name Tab in testsite configuration window note
Signal Generator Devices 1 The signal generator to use
Amplifier Devices 1 The amplifier to use
Coupler Devices 1 The coupler to use
Forward power meter Devices 1 The forward power meter to use
Sensor powermeter Devices 2 The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
Current Sensor Devices 2 The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
Injection device Devices 2 The injection clamp to use
Jig Devices 2 The jig to use
Cables
① Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss
② Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with the specified loss of the used attenuator
③ Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss

Configure the calibration[edit]

There are three frequency ranges that have to be calibrated with the following settings (see TABLE III in MIL-STD-461.).

Band Frequency range Step size
Band 1 10 kHz - 1 MHz 5 %
Band 2 1 MHz - 30 MHz 1 %
Band 2 30 MHz - 200 MHz 0.5 %

These three bands can be configured and performed in three different calibrations. The calibration can be started from the menu by selecting:

   Menu.svg Calibration
      Menu.svg System calibration
         Menu.svg Conducted immunity

This example shows the configuration for band 1, a similar configuration can be created for the other bands.

CS114 Calibration band 1.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Start The start frequency of the calibration. For example 10 kHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg End The stop frequency of the calibration. For example 1 MHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Step The frequency step, in this case 5%.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test level The test level, in this case current.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Variable The variable test level, select the correction file created earlier.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Tolerance The regulation tolerance.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration method The power measurement that should be the result of the calibration: Forward power
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test equipment Calibration test equipment.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test engineer The engineer that performed the calibration.


Calibration result[edit]

When the calibration is performed, the engineer is asked, to save the results of that calibration to a calibration (.CAL) file. It is possible to give the .CAL file any clear and distinct name. All three bands have to calibrated, and at the end, there should be three different calibration files that are generated.

Verification[edit]

CS114 requires to perform a verification of the setup with the current probe in the calibration setup. With this verification it is important to verify that the forward power of the calibration is followed and that the generated current is within 3 dB tolerance of the current test limit.

Verification equipment[edit]

CS114 Verification.png

The configuration of the verification test site should contain the following devices:

# Device name Tab in testsite configuration window note
Signal Generator Devices 1 The signal generator to use
Amplifier Devices 1 The amplifier to use
Coupler Devices 1 The coupler to use
Forward power meter Devices 1 The forward power meter to use
Sensor powermeter Devices 2 The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
Current Sensor Devices 2 The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
Injection device Devices 2 The injection clamp to use
Cables
① Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss
② Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with the specified loss of the used attenuator
③ Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss

Configure the verification[edit]

The verification can be performed in RadiMation® by doing an actual conducted immunity test. This test can be started by selecting from the menu:

   Menu.svg Tests
      Menu.svg Conducted Immunity
         Menu.svg Multiband

Create a new multiband conducted immunity test and define three bands with the following settings:

Band Frequency range Step size
Band 1 10 kHz - 1 MHz 10 %
Band 2 1 MHz - 30 MHz 2 %
Band 2 30 MHz - 200 MHz 1 %

CS114 Verification Setup.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Start The start frequency of the verification. For example 10 kHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg End The stop frequency of the verification. For example 1 MHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency Step The frequency step, see 5.12.3.4.c.3.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Dwell Time The dwell time specified see TABLE II of the MIL-STD-461.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency Change Mode The method that is used to change from one to the next frequency: Constant.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Modulation Modulation is optional during the verification.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test equipment The equipment needed for the verification.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Location Type Injection clamp.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test Level Specify the test level Current substitution method.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Inputs Add the Current sensor as an input.


Each band needs a test level defined with the test level Current substitution method and the appropriate calibration file attached.

CS114 Current Testlevel Configuration.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Description The description of the test level.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration file Select the calibration file created during the calibration procedure.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test level Variable current and specify the correction file for the applicable test level created during the calibration procedure.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration method Select Forward Power.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Tolerance Specify the tolerance to use.


Add an input Current sensor, this will ensure that the current is measured during the test.

Run the verification test[edit]

When all settings are configured press Start Test to run the verification test.

CS114 Verification Result.png

Verification result[edit]

With the result of the verification it should be possible to determine if the measured current is within the 3 dB tolerance of the current test limit as specified in clause 5.12.3.4.c of the MIL-STD-461.

EUT Testing[edit]

EUT Testing equipment[edit]

CS114 EUT Testing.png

The configuration of the eut test site should contain the following devices:

# Device name Tab in testsite configuration window note
Signal Generator Devices 1 The signal generator to use
Amplifier Devices 1 The amplifier to use
Coupler Devices 1 The coupler to use
Forward power meter Devices 1 The forward power meter to use
Sensor powermeter Devices 2 The power meter or analyser to use for measuring the current
Current Sensor Devices 2 The current sensor to use with transfer factor attached to the driver
Injection device Devices 2 The injection clamp to use
Cables
① Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss
② Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with the specified loss of the used attenuator
③ Cable current -> power meter Cables Cable with a correction file specified for the cable loss

Configure the EUT test[edit]

To perform the actual test on the EUT, create a conducted immunity multiband test with 3 bands. The conducted immunity multiband test, can be started by selecting from the menu:

   Menu.svg Tests
      Menu.svg Conducted Immunity
         Menu.svg Multiband

The following bands should be configured.

Band Frequency range Step size
Band 1 10 kHz - 1 MHz 5 %
Band 2 1 MHz - 30 MHz 1 %
Band 2 30 MHz - 200 MHz 0.5 %

CS114 Test Setup.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Start The start frequency of the test. For example 10 kHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg End The stop frequency of the test. For example 1 MHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency Step The frequency step, see Table III.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Dwell Time The dwell time specified see TABLE II of the MIL-STD-461.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency Change Mode The method that is used to change from one to the next frequency: Constant.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Modulation Configure Pulse Modulation with 1 kHz and 50% duty cycle.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test equipment The equipment needed for the conducted immunity test.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Location Type Injection clamp.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test Level Specify the Current substition method and add a limit Measured Current Limit
ScreenElementDescription.svg Inputs No inputs are needed.


To configure the pulse modulation settings click Config next to the modulation settings, click the PM tab, and enter the pulse modulation settings as defined in 5.12.3.4.d.1.

CS114 Modulation settings.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Activate modulation Check this checkbox to enable the pulse modulation.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Frequency The PM frequency 1 kHz.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Duty Cycle A duty cycle of 50%.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Also apply modulation out of the dwell-time period Check this checkbox to enable modulation outside the dwell-time.


At TestLevel click Add to add a new Test level and select TestLevel - Current substitution method

CS114 Current Testlevel Configuration.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Description The description of the test level.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration file Select the calibration file to use for this band.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Test level Variable current, and specify the correction file for the applicable test level.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Calibration method Select Forward Power.
ScreenElementDescription.svg Tolerance Specify the tolerance to use.


Next to the test level add a limit, At TestLevel click Add to add a new Limit and select Limit - Measured Current Limit

With this limit the level will not be regulated higher than the measured current in the cable even if the forward power is not reached yet.

CS114 Current limit.png

ScreenElementDescription.svg Description The description of the limit
ScreenElementDescription.svg Constant current The current to limit on.


When all bands are configured press Start Test to run the EUT test.

EUT Test Result[edit]

Once the test is finished, the results of this test are stored in the EUT file and available as one of the performed Tests in the EUT file. Selecting the corresponding test result and pressing on Info will show the test results again.

CS114 Test Result.png

Conclusion[edit]

The MIL-STD-461G CS114 calibration can be performed by using the Conducted immunity calibration. The RadiMation® Conducted immunity multiband test can then be used to perform the MIL-STD-461G CS114 verification and the EUT test with a calibration file and the current sensor used as a limit in the EUT test.

The sensitivity of an EUT to incoming electromagnetic interference. This is equivalent to the term Immunity. RadiMation® always uses the term Immunity.

The ability of an EUT to be immune to incoming electromagnetic interference. This is equivalent to the term susceptibility that is used by some standards.

The ability of an EUT to be immune to incoming electromagnetic interference. This is equivalent to the term susceptibility that is used by some standards.

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